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VK3FFB Dieter
Jun 23, 2025
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
I have noticed that the 17m band has nice openings here in VK3 to Italy around 08:00 UTC via the long path.
For some propagation studies I am looking for a QSO partner. The VarAC "Verbose SNR" feature (see graph below) enables to maintain a VarAC link for many hours without the need to attend. At the same time I do like to chat of course :)
I am using a 3-element Ultrabem mounted on the roof of my house. Italian SSB signals came in with S9 yesterday and the day before.
So, if you are inclined to play on 17m, please get in touch. My contact details are on QRZ.com but we can also correspond here.
73
Dieter, VK3FFB
20m is not the only band for VarAC ! 😉
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VK3FFB Dieter
Nov 27, 2024
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
I thought it may be of interest to read about an example of a very long Vara DX connection using the "Verbose SNR" mode on VarAC. In this mode, the two involved stations exchange the locally measured SNR values at approx. 30sec intervals. The idea is to get an SNR graph over time. This is useful to see where things are going or to compare wave propagation on different days. In contrast to that, a simple ping is always only a snap-shot. Given the time-variant nature of HF, that is usually not very meaningful and reliable.
Lenz, DL8RDL, and I often maintain Verbose SNR VarAC connections on 17m over many hours via the long path VK3 - DL. The nature of this path is, that many or most "ground" reflection points are on sea-water. Unlike reflection on solid ground, sea-water provides near-perfect reflection without significant losses. In a way, seawater acts like perfect metal for the radio wave. That is so because seawater has a dielectric constant as high as 60.
Yesterday we linked up around 0700 UTC on 17m and the link ended at 1400 UTC. Over the time of 7 hours, the signals varied by over 30 dB due to the changes in the ionosphere. Just before 0800 UTC I noticed a sharp drop in my SNR (at DL8RDL) and was not sure why. Reciprocity rules out any propagation effects because they would affect both our SNRs and not just one of the two. So, I put my money on some temporary local noise or QRM at DL8RDL's QTH.
The "N" in SNR is never constant (noise). The variation depends a lot on the local environment (rural, urban, sub-urban). This is why the SNR graph is not a smooth curve. I can often see in the SNRs I measure locally, when my neighbours run gadgets, which don't have EMI filters. Other on-off type RF noise sources are plentiful in cities and suburbs.
DL8RDL has a good hex-beam and I use an Ultrabeam UB6-20. The VOACAP prediction matches well with our 7-hour 17m connection (see below). You can also see, that 20m would not have worked very long, if at all ....
Give 17m a try occasionally. You may be surprised.
73
Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
Jul 10, 2024
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
I observed a relatively low SNR at both stations in a short distance (21 km) 10m VarAC link. Both radios showed strong signal levels (around S9 +) but the SNRs were only -7 dB. On my DX paths I usually see positive SNR values.
I am wondering whether there is a timing issue in short-distance HF links. Like non-optimal timing at decoding time. Multipath related problems are also possible, I guess. The path is definitely line-of-sight. So there is no ionospheric path involved.
The SNR graph below illustrates the above said. Sure, there are noise peaks and troughs which, show up strongly because the graph y-scale extends over only 14 dB, but the question is: why is the average SNR over a 21 km distance only about -7 dB when the signals are S9 plus at almost no noise at all.
Any comments are most welcome.
73
Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
Jun 20, 2024
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
Yesterday, Rich K5RWG and I were able to maintain a VarAC connection on 12m (24.9 MHz) for over 11 hours. We started on 10m around 21:00 UTC and given the geomagnetic unrest, the band was not that good. So, I suggested we hop to 12m where the lower f0F2 (vertical MUF) of the path may enable a more stable connection. We had used 12m before during band hopping sessions and otherwise. On "normal days" 10m was usually better than 12m at the given time.
Starting just after 21:00 UTC, propagation soon became quite stable and good. After we chatted for a while, we left the Verbose SNR exchange going. I expected the path to last at least a few hours. At 06:30 UTC (19th June) I thought the band would close. It did not. I checked the solar x-ray flux and indeed there had been a solar flare at 06:30 UTC, strong enough to cause some D-layer absorption which was nicely captured in our SNR graphs. Once this was over, the SNRs returned back to higher numbers following a rather slow decline. Propagation finally ended just after 08:00 UTC. We had the longest ever VarAC link yesterday. Surely a day of good propagation on 12m but also an indication of the robustness of long-distance VarAC/Vara-HF links.
Note, that my local SNR measurements are affected by suburban man-made noise whereas Rich is in a more rural area of Texas. Hence, my measured SNR values are usually between 5 and 10 dB worse than Richard's. Man-made noise is of course not constant but instead, it varies over time. Both our TX power levels are very similar at around 50W.
Path reciprocity does not require that both sides use identical antennas, but in our case we both have 3-element Yagi antennas at decent height levels.
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VK3FFB Dieter
Mar 26, 2024
In Feature requests
Hi
For cases where a station may have an excessive frequency offset, the Vara HF modem AFC measured data would be useful for making adjustments at the distant station. I had such a case recently where I manually forwarded AFC measured data. The distant station succeeded in making proper TX frequency adjustments.
It would be nice if VarAC could forward the AFC measured data automatically upon request. This would benefit especially those stations with older radios.
thanks for considering
Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
Mar 19, 2024
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
Rich K5RWG and I are often testing the 10m path using VarAC. yagi antennas are used on both sides. We use Verbose SNR which is a periodic exchange of SNR reports. VarAC then offers the data as a graph and also a data file.
It is fair to say, that the path exists on a daily basis when there is no strong solar wind causing geomagnetic unrest which in turn degrades the ionosphere.
Below is an example of this remarkable VarAC DX link.
73 & thanks to Irad for his exceptionally fine work
Dieter, VK3FFB
(at the start we had somewhat misaligned antenna bearings which were corrected quickly)
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VK3FFB Dieter
Oct 17, 2023
In Feature requests
During longer "Verbose SNR" sessions the SNR graph data is sometimes lost when the session ends unexpectedly and another station connects.
It would therefore be good if a "keep SNR graph data" option existed in VarAC. This option would automatically save the data in a text file when the connection ends.
Surely not a commonly needed feature but perhaps one that can be implemented relatively easily.
I am aware that the data can be "rescued" from the Data Stream Window but it then needs cumbersome formatting and clean-up.
Given the current situation, this request can of course wait.
thanks
Dieter
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VK3FFB Dieter
Oct 11, 2023
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
The above SNR graph shows the longest connection I ever had with Gary on 28 MHz over our distance of about 16,300 km. It was a day with geomagnetic unrest that occurred around 20:30 UTC. Clearly, the ionosphere recovered fast and perhaps the unrest did some good as well. Even after over 5 hours, the link was still going when it was disconnected.
What does this mean?
Well, first and foremost it means that 10m is now certainly a good DX band for many or most days of a month. Secondly, it shows how robust a DX connection with Vara (VarAC) can be. It also means that some 10m DX paths enjoy good propagation over long periods of time in the present season.
Surely, this also depends on the antennas we use. Gary has a trapped dipole about 15m above ground. That height creates multiple lobes in the vertical antenna diagram at 10m wavelength. With the progress of the QSO time it may well be possible that different take-off angles were needed and Gary's antenna could deliver. My antenna is a 3-element Ultrabeam at an effective height of at least 13m (ground reflection point as reference). My ground is sloping downwards in Gary's direction. So, yes, we have quite good antennas.
An end-fed antenna can work well on 10m. The fixed antenna diagram is, however, a strong limitation.
(http://limitation.It)It is relatively easy to make a simple & compact Moxon 2-element antenna for the 10m band. I did that recently for a local friend. His comment was: "This antenna hears everything". He spent most time on FT8 before he got the Moxon. Now I hear him frequently reporting about spectacular SSB DX contacts with 100Watts.
73
Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
Jul 15, 2023
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
Below is a nice example for a good 10m session of over one hour between Gary, NC3Z and me, VK3FFB. we hit the band when it was just opening or recovering from a solar flare. The SNRs improved steadily from 23:10 UTC onwards, settling for the 0 dB line at 23:30 UTC. Noise level at both locations was similar or nearly identical until about 23:40 UTC when at my location man-made noise increased (9am in VK3). Data speed was fast for most of the time.
The graph shows 28.105000 MHz as the frequency but the QSO was on 28.105750 MHz after first connecting on the CF.
Give 10m a try. It is a great band with typically low noise and good propagation. And end-fed is not ideal for 10m as the radiation usually splits up into many lobes. A simple 2-element Yagi is small and easy to make. Even a half-wave dipole at say 25 feet above ground will work well.
For VarAC newbies, the graph was produced with the "Verbose SNR" feature of VarAC. This feature ensures frequent exchange of SNR values for a nice & meaningful SNR graph.
You find it on the right side of the VarAC screen. If you click it during a QSO, the other station is invited to allow "Verbose SNR".
73 & cu on 10
Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
Jun 20, 2023
In Feature requests - Released
This is actually not a feature request and neither would it be a bug-report, so I place it here anyway.
Below is a partial screenshot of the very useful "Callsign history" window.
The SNR data is labelled RST-S. RST-R. RST means: readability, signal-strength, tone. The labels should instead be SNR-S and SNR-R (Send, Receive).
Further to that the frequency value is shown in Hz. It would probably be better to have it in the more familiar kHz unit:
21105.000
24927.750 etc.
The fundamental unit for frequency is Hz, but in the given context, kHz would be more appropriate.
thanks & 73
Dieter
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VK3FFB Dieter
Apr 30, 2023
In Feature requests - Archive
When a CQ call is received, VarAC shows the time of the call in the "CQ calls" list but it does not show the caller slot wait time. The CQ call list is therefore of rather limited value for anyone who wants to respond to a CQ call with a connect attempt. The caller slot wait time could be anything from 1 minute to 1 hour. Most stations use rather short wait times, so unless you see a CQ call pop up in the list or hear the voice message (great feature), your chances of success are probably close to zero. But perhaps there could be a relatively easy remedy. What if we transmit the chosen slot wait time in the CQ call? It could probably be done with only one byte in the CQ transmission or even less. The CQ call list could then show the slot wait time (or the wait end time) and any caller would not be wasting his effort but could instead make a targetted call with good chances for making a successful connect attempt. Alternatively, the "CQ calls" list could indicate whether a CQ call is "hot" by appropriate font or background colour. I might have missed something but perhaps this request is feasible and worthwhile considering. Please feel free to comment & suggest. 73 Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
Mar 28, 2023
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
The following is just a thought about beaconing and live chats. It may or may not become a feature request in the future. Wonder what other users think about it. When we send VarAC beacons at regular intervals, we may or may not be at the radio to chat live. If another ham has received our beacon and double-clicks on the callsign in his VarAC beacon list to connect with our station, he may soon encounter an "AWQ", indicating that there will not be a live QSO but instead a VMail can be left (after a QSY). Vmail is good but the intention is usually to have a live chat. What if we had an indication in the beaons list that tells us whether the distant beaconing station is available for a live chat or not? See below. We could then make an informed choice about whether to connect a station in the beacon list or not. "L" stands for "Live".
You say: another form of CQ calling. Yes, and no. CQ-ing requires us to be at the station. "L" means we can be sitting near the shack desk reading a book. Happy to be interrupted for a chat. Old "L" entries would need to be detected, like auto-cancel after 30min or so. We may have forgotten about the "L" - no big problem. I think this has some merit. Maybe I missed something. Let me know if. 73 Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
Mar 19, 2023
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
CW beacons are traditionally used for propagation observation. Hearing a beacon means that there is propagation and you can probably make contact on the band of the beacon. 10m has over 100 kHz of band spectrum (28200 - 28300 kHz) allocated to CW beacons. 10m CW Beacon operation and beacon spotting is still quite popular among hams around the world, but WSPR and other more efficient modes are being used as well nowadays. Many other HF beacons exist in other bands in the designated beacon frequency sub-bands. In 1979 the first IBP beacon went into operation. The innovation was that each IBP beacon would be cycling a range of frequencies in a time-synchronised global operation: 14100 18110 21150 24930 28200 kHz Beacon users can standby on any of these frequencies and with great likelihood receive one or more of the IBP beacons within just a minute or two. The frequencies are CW mode frequencies (not USB). Naturally, beacon frequencies need to be clear and avoided for other ham TX operation. During contests and also otherwise, the beacon frequencies are often suffering QRM but by and large the IBP beacons can still be received well. IBP beacon operation requires maintenance and it is for that reason that some IBP beacons are temporarily off the air. The IBP beacon network status can be checked here: https://www.ncdxf.org/beacon/ and there is also a smartphone app available. VarAC contributes favourably with its beacons and makes it easy to check propagation in an elegant and efficient way. You can even use the "Callsign history" to check VarAC beacon SNR data over time. (During a QSO, the new "Verbose SNR" feature allows us to see fine SNR graphs.) As responsible VarAC operators it is upon us to be cautious and protect HF beacon frequencies. National and global beacon lists are available on the net. http://rsgb.org/main/files/2020/06/G3USFs-Worldwide-List-of-HF-Beacons.pdf WSPR: https://www.wsprnet.org/drupal/wsprnet/map 73 Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
Mar 14, 2023
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
Some or most of you will know this already. If you right-click on a callsign in the beacon list and chose "callsign history", you can see the entire list of beacon loggings over time (limited to the past 90 days). In the example below you can see that DL1MF improved from -13 dB SNR to -6 dB over about 45 minutes on 13th March 19:41 to 20:26Z. 73 Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
Mar 13, 2023
In Feature requests
Sometimes we might type a few short message lines instead of just one. It can then happen that the reply context gets lost if you get what I mean. Like in some social media platforms you can click on a msg and reply specifically to that particular msg. I think it would enrich the VarAC experience if a context-based reply were available in a live QSO window. How this can be done in detail I won't go into. 73 Dieter
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VK3FFB Dieter
Feb 24, 2023
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
Yesterday we had a 4-hour "Verbose SNR" session on 15m VK3 to 9V1 (S'pore). It would have probably continued but the noise-level in urban Singapore increased in the evening hours due to domestic appliance radio noise emissions. The SNR graph clearly shows the SNR in S'pore (blue) deteriorating after about 10:00 UTC. (The law of reciprocity implies that for equal power levels at both stations, the average signal levels at both ends are the same.) This session is a good example for the robustness of VarAC HF links. Anyone with a longer "Verbose SNR" session please ? 73 Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
Feb 21, 2023
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
Looking at the PSKreporter maps, most Vara stations are still strongly focussing on the 20m HF band. Sure, 20m is a good band but hey, there is good propagation on higher bands too. Often, the optimum band is not 20m. I have very nearly daily contact to US stations on 10m with good signals. Check out https://www.voacap.com/hf/ select your QTH (callsign prefix) area and the DX (callsign prefix) location of interest and hit the "Band by band" option (green keys below map). It takes a moment and you get this: Lot's of scope on the higher bands. Just get the timing right and it works. I dwell on 10m daily from about 22:00 Z to 04:00Z usually. Then often 15m and 17m. Go higher ! 73 Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
Feb 11, 2023
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
During a 60min Verbose SNR session with Gary, K6HN on 10m we experienced some level of RTTY QRM for about 10min. However, the Vara data flow was only marginally impaired and the connection certainly never broke. Below is the relevant SNR graph. The clearly deliberate QRM time is about center of graph. (for some unknown reason, graph did not upload) The S-meter signal level of the RTTY QRM exceeded that of the Vara signal for most of the time. However, the RTTY tone frequencies were quite a bit lower than the Vara tones. Presumably, Vara audio filtering is doing a fine job. 73 Dieter, VK3FFB PS In place of the graph I provide the Verbose SNR data below (bless Irad for Verbose SNR feature!) QSO between: VK3FFB and K6HN Frequency: 28.103.500 My SNR report: 11/02/2023 1:22:32 AM,-15 11/02/2023 1:32:15 AM,-4 11/02/2023 1:36:11 AM,-4 11/02/2023 1:37:20 AM,-8 11/02/2023 1:38:09 AM,-5 11/02/2023 1:39:24 AM,-9 11/02/2023 1:40:11 AM,-7 11/02/2023 1:41:16 AM,-7 11/02/2023 1:42:13 AM,-3 11/02/2023 1:42:30 AM,-13 11/02/2023 1:43:16 AM,-12 11/02/2023 1:44:17 AM,-9 11/02/2023 1:45:24 AM,-10 11/02/2023 1:46:18 AM,-8 11/02/2023 1:47:18 AM,-6 11/02/2023 1:48:20 AM,-8 11/02/2023 1:49:22 AM,-6 11/02/2023 1:50:17 AM,-11 11/02/2023 1:51:27 AM,-7 11/02/2023 1:52:16 AM,-7 11/02/2023 1:52:41 AM,-12 11/02/2023 1:53:42 AM,-15 11/02/2023 1:54:23 AM,-15 11/02/2023 1:55:33 AM,-10 11/02/2023 1:56:18 AM,-15 11/02/2023 1:57:35 AM,-20 11/02/2023 1:58:38 AM,-9 11/02/2023 1:59:17 AM,-4 11/02/2023 2:02:08 AM,-7 11/02/2023 2:04:02 AM,-7 11/02/2023 2:05:17 AM,-13 11/02/2023 2:06:07 AM,-10 11/02/2023 2:06:38 AM,-2 11/02/2023 2:08:58 AM,-14 11/02/2023 2:10:22 AM,-12 11/02/2023 2:10:40 AM,-16 11/02/2023 2:11:33 AM,-18 11/02/2023 2:12:38 AM,-16 11/02/2023 2:12:56 AM,-16 11/02/2023 2:13:21 AM,-11 11/02/2023 2:14:36 AM,-15 11/02/2023 2:19:44 AM,-16 11/02/2023 2:21:02 AM,-11 11/02/2023 2:21:20 AM,-14 Partner SNR report: 11/02/2023 1:21:52 AM,-8 11/02/2023 1:21:59 AM,-14 11/02/2023 1:22:32 AM,-9 11/02/2023 1:23:38 AM,-12 11/02/2023 1:25:20 AM,-9 11/02/2023 1:26:11 AM,-1 11/02/2023 1:27:15 AM,-4 11/02/2023 1:27:31 AM,-7 11/02/2023 1:28:05 AM,-1 11/02/2023 1:28:33 AM,-5 11/02/2023 1:28:56 AM,-8 11/02/2023 1:29:10 AM,-3 11/02/2023 1:30:15 AM,-8 11/02/2023 1:30:42 AM,-9 11/02/2023 1:31:01 AM,-10 11/02/2023 1:31:08 AM,-9 11/02/2023 1:31:47 AM,-4 11/02/2023 1:32:09 AM,-3 11/02/2023 1:32:15 AM,-9 11/02/2023 1:32:44 AM,-4 11/02/2023 1:32:51 AM,-6 11/02/2023 1:33:14 AM,6 11/02/2023 1:33:49 AM,-1 11/02/2023 1:34:14 AM,-7 11/02/2023 1:34:32 AM,-6 11/02/2023 1:35:45 AM,5 11/02/2023 1:36:10 AM,1 11/02/2023 1:36:54 AM,1 11/02/2023 1:37:05 AM,3 11/02/2023 1:37:19 AM,4 11/02/2023 1:38:09 AM,4 11/02/2023 1:39:23 AM,-8 11/02/2023 1:40:10 AM,-4 11/02/2023 1:41:15 AM,-10 11/02/2023 1:42:13 AM,-9 11/02/2023 1:42:30 AM,-9 11/02/2023 1:43:16 AM,-9 11/02/2023 1:44:16 AM,-10 11/02/2023 1:45:23 AM,-11 11/02/2023 1:46:17 AM,-16 11/02/2023 1:47:18 AM,-19 11/02/2023 1:48:20 AM,-13 11/02/2023 1:49:21 AM,-15 11/02/2023 1:50:16 AM,-16 11/02/2023 1:51:27 AM,-15 11/02/2023 1:52:08 AM,-19 11/02/2023 1:52:15 AM,-16 11/02/2023 1:52:40 AM,-16 11/02/2023 1:53:41 AM,-18 11/02/2023 1:54:22 AM,-16 11/02/2023 1:55:32 AM,-20 11/02/2023 1:56:18 AM,-15 11/02/2023 1:56:45 AM,-17 11/02/2023 1:57:01 AM,-16 11/02/2023 1:57:09 AM,-6 11/02/2023 1:57:17 AM,-12 11/02/2023 1:57:35 AM,-17 11/02/2023 1:58:37 AM,-15 11/02/2023 1:59:00 AM,-11 11/02/2023 1:59:17 AM,-14 11/02/2023 1:59:39 AM,-17 11/02/2023 1:59:47 AM,-17 11/02/2023 1:59:54 AM,-14 11/02/2023 2:00:16 AM,-17 11/02/2023 2:00:24 AM,-20 11/02/2023 2:00:50 AM,-18 11/02/2023 2:00:57 AM,-14 11/02/2023 2:01:32 AM,-15 11/02/2023 2:01:39 AM,-15 11/02/2023 2:01:47 AM,-16 11/02/2023 2:01:54 AM,-20 11/02/2023 2:02:07 AM,-18 11/02/2023 2:02:26 AM,-16 11/02/2023 2:02:33 AM,-16 11/02/2023 2:02:41 AM,-16 11/02/2023 2:02:48 AM,-17 11/02/2023 2:02:55 AM,-19 11/02/2023 2:03:10 AM,-19 11/02/2023 2:04:02 AM,-20 11/02/2023 2:05:17 AM,-19 11/02/2023 2:06:06 AM,-18 11/02/2023 2:06:38 AM,-19 11/02/2023 2:07:31 AM,-20 11/02/2023 2:07:59 AM,-17 11/02/2023 2:08:11 AM,-16 11/02/2023 2:08:25 AM,-21 11/02/2023 2:08:35 AM,-20 11/02/2023 2:08:43 AM,-18 11/02/2023 2:08:50 AM,-17 11/02/2023 2:08:58 AM,-21 11/02/2023 2:10:21 AM,-20 11/02/2023 2:10:40 AM,-15 11/02/2023 2:11:33 AM,-14 11/02/2023 2:11:52 AM,-16 11/02/2023 2:12:30 AM,-15 11/02/2023 2:12:37 AM,-14 11/02/2023 2:12:56 AM,-15 11/02/2023 2:13:21 AM,-19 11/02/2023 2:13:39 AM,-13 11/02/2023 2:14:36 AM,-22 11/02/2023 2:15:21 AM,-17 11/02/2023 2:15:36 AM,-18 11/02/2023 2:16:06 AM,-15 11/02/2023 2:16:33 AM,-18 11/02/2023 2:16:41 AM,-19 11/02/2023 2:16:48 AM,-18 11/02/2023 2:16:56 AM,-19 11/02/2023 2:17:53 AM,-14 11/02/2023 2:18:15 AM,-20 11/02/2023 2:18:23 AM,-19 11/02/2023 2:18:43 AM,-18 11/02/2023 2:19:17 AM,-18 11/02/2023 2:19:43 AM,-14 11/02/2023 2:21:01 AM,-21 11/02/2023 2:21:19 AM,-15 11/02/2023 2:21:37 AM,-14
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VK3FFB Dieter
Feb 10, 2023
In VarAC - HF discussion forum
The DXpedition guys have obviously not done sufficient research before selecting their frequencies. I had heavy QRM this morning on 20m Vara because of that. With so many Vara stations worldwide, they will surely suffer QRM as well. 73 Dieter, VK3FFB On their website. https://www.3y0j.no/bandplan
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VK3FFB Dieter
Feb 09, 2023
In Feature requests - Archive
This one is more a suggestion than a request but I think it has merit. When getting the "AWAY" followed by the VMAIL option, we usually write a short msg while being connected on the calling frequency. The connection is actually mostly idling while we write! In order to speed up things we could transmit while the VMAIL is being written. In order to allow for corrections, only complete sentences could be transmitted. The idea is to minimise the time we dwell on the calling frequency. Given the recent increase of Vara stations, this feature might just be a timely measure. 73 Dieter, VK3FFB
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VK3FFB Dieter
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